References from JSM 2023 presentation in the panel session "The Ubiquitous Other in Biomedical Research: Alternatives to simply pooling racial groups with small sample sizes," 07 Aug 2023 (Lauren Samuels)

• Human race as social rather than biological construct
  • Roberts, D. FATAL INVENTION: HOW SCIENCE, POLITICS, AND BIG BUSINESS RE-CREATE RACE IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY (The New Press, 2011). (quote in slides is from p.129)
  • Saini, A. Superior: The Return of Race Science (Beacon Press, 2019).
  • Wilkerson, I. Caste: The origins of our discontents (Random House, 2020).
  • Templeton, A. R. (2013). Biological races in humans. Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, 44(3), 262–271. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.shpsc.2013.04.010
  • Pew Research Center materials on U.S. census history: https://www.pewresearch.org/interactives/what-census-calls-us/

• Genetic ancestry testing
  • https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/primer/dtcgenetictesting/ancestrytesting
  • https://www.vox.com/science-and-health/2019/1/28/18194560/ancestry-dna-23-me-myheritage-science-explainer
  • Torres Colón, G.A. and Jada Benn Torres. 2020. Genetic Ancestry: Our Stories, Our Pasts. Routledge Press.
  • https://carlzimmer.com/before-arguing-about-dna-tests-learn-the-science-behind-them/
  • https://xkcd.com/1840/

• Quotes on the terms "race" and "ethnicity"
  • Ann Morning: https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2015/06/18/census-considers-new-approach-to-asking-about-race-by-not-using-the-term-at-all/
  • Francis Collins: Collins, F. What we do and don't know about 'race', 'ethnicity', genetics and health at the dawn of the genome era. Nat Genet 36, S13–S15 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1038/ng1436

• Ways race has been used in research
  • Aubrey Clayton, "How Eugenics Shaped Statistics" (2020): https://nautil.us/how-eugenics-shaped-statistics-238014/

• OMB standards for maintaining, collecting, and presenting federal data on race and ethnicity
  • https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/omb/fedreg_1997standards
  • https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-1997-10-30/pdf/97-28653.pdf
  • https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2016/09/30/2016-23672/standards-for-maintaining-collecting-and-presenting-federal-data-on-race-and-ethnicity
  • https://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/not-od-15-089.html
  • https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/note/US/RHI625222#:~:text=OMB%20requires%20five%20minimum%20categories,report%20more%20than%20one%20race

• References discussed in "The future of race in research"
  • Wilkins CH, Schindler SE, Morris JC. Addressing Health Disparities Among Minority Populations. JAMA Neurology. Published online June 15, 2020. doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.1614
  • Johfre SS, Freese J. Reconsidering the Reference Category. Sociol Methodol. 2021;51(2):253-269. doi:10.1177/0081175020982632
  • JAMA Updated Guidance on the Reporting of Race and Ethnicity in Medical and Science Journals: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2783090