References from 27 Oct 2021 departmental seminar, "What do biostatisticians need to know about race, ethnicity, sex, and gender?" (Lauren Samuels)

• Background/motivation
  • The 2018 WSDS presentation that started it all: "Preparing for Increased Gender Diversity and Inclusion in Statistics and Data Science: Important Perspectives from Gender Non-Conforming and LGBTQ+ Scholars": Thornton, S., Green, B., & Benn, E. (2019). Friends and allies: LGBT+ inclusion in statistics and data science. Significance, 16(3), 39–41. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-9713.2019.01280.x
  • "It ain't what you don't know..." : https://quoteinvestigator.com/2018/11/18/know-trouble/
  • Rise in anti-trans hate crimes: https://www.nbcnews.com/nbc-out/out-news/anti-gay-hate-crimes-fell-slightly-2020-anti-trans-crimes-rose-fbi-say-rcna1846
  • Anti-asian violence: https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/18/nyregion/asian-hate-crimes.html

• Human race as social rather than biological construct
  • Roberts, D. FATAL INVENTION: HOW SCIENCE, POLITICS, AND BIG BUSINESS RE-CREATE RACE IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY (The New Press, 2011). (quote in slides is from p.129)
  • Saini, A. Superior: The Return of Race Science (Beacon Press, 2019).
  • Wilkerson, I. Caste: The origins of our discontents (Random House, 2020).
  • Templeton, A. R. (2013). Biological races in humans. Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, 44(3), 262–271. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.shpsc.2013.04.010
  • Pew Research Center materials on U.S. census history: https://www.pewresearch.org/interactives/what-census-calls-us/

• Genetic ancestry testing
  • https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/primer/dtcgenetictesting/ancestrytesting
  • https://www.vox.com/science-and-health/2019/1/28/18194560/ancestry-dna-23-me-myheritage-science-explainer
  • Torres Colón, G.A. and Jada Benn Torres. 2020. Genetic Ancestry: Our Stories, Our Pasts. Routledge Press.
  • https://carlzimmer.com/before-arguing-about-dna-tests-learn-the-science-behind-them/
  • https://xkcd.com/1840/

• Quotes on the terms "race" and "ethnicity"
  • Ann Morning: https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2015/06/18/census-considers-new-approach-to-asking-about-race-by-not-using-the-term-at-all/
  • Francis Collins: Collins, F. What we do and don't know about 'race', 'ethnicity', genetics and health at the dawn of the genome era. Nat Genet 36, S13–S15 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1038/ng1436

• OMB standards for maintaining, collecting, and presenting federal data on race and ethnicity
  • https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/omb/fedreg_1997standards
  • https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-1997-10-30/pdf/97-28653.pdf
  • https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2016/09/30/2016-23672/standards-for-maintaining-collecting-and-presenting-federal-data-on-race-and-ethnicity
  • https://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/not-od-15-089.html

• Other policies related to race and ethnicity
  • https://grants.nih.gov/policy/inclusion/women-and-minorities.htm
  • JAMA Updated Guidance on the Reporting of Race and Ethnicity in Medical and Science Journals: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2783090

• Sex and gender: definitions, etc.
  • Fausto-Sterling, A. Sex/Gender: Biology in a Social World (The Routledge Series Integrating Science and Culture) (Routledge 2012)
  • New York Times opinion piece by Anne Fausto-Sterling: https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/25/opinion/sex-biology-binary.html
  • Montañez, A. Beyond XX and XY. Scientific American 317, 3, 50-51 (September 2017). doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0917-50 and https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/beyond-xx-and-xy-the-extraordinary-complexity-of-sex-determination/. This is the source of the graphic shown in the slides.
  • https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/beyond-xx-and-xy-the-extraordinary-complexity-of-sex-determination/
  • https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/sex-redefined-the-idea-of-2-sexes-is-overly-simplistic1/
  • https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-new-science-of-sex-and-gender/
  • Witchel, S. F. Disorders of sex development. Best Pract Res Cl Ob 48, 90–102 (2017).
  • https://interactadvocates.org/faq/
  • https://interactadvocates.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/LavLaw-Trans-and-Intersex-Fact-Sheet.pdf
  • https://orwh.od.nih.gov/sex-gender
  • https://www.merriam-webster.com/words-at-play/cisgender-meaning
  • https://www.npr.org/2021/06/02/996319297/gender-identity-pronouns-expression-guide-lgbtq
  • https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/gender-dysphoria/what-is-gender-dysphoria
  • https://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/health-determinants/gender/gender-definitions/whoeurope-brief-transgender-health-in-the-context-of-icd-11
  • https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/clinicians/transforming-health/health-care-providers/collecting-sexual-orientation.html
  • https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/lesbian-gay-bisexual-and-transgender-health

• Policies related to sex and gender
  • https://nces.ed.gov/FCSM/pdf/buda5.pdf
  • https://nces.ed.gov/FCSM/pdf/FCSM_SOGI_Terminology_FY20_Report_FINAL.pdf
  • https://grants.nih.gov/policy/inclusion/women-and-minorities/guidelines.htm
  • https://orwh.od.nih.gov/sex-gender/nih-policy-sex-biological-variable
  • https://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/NOT-OD-15-102.html
  • https://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/NOT-OD-18-014.html